Date:  May 17, 2023 to May 18, 2023 Location:  Maryland, United States Subject Fields:  African History / Studies, Human Rights, Military History, Peace History / Studies, Women's & Gender History / Studies   Since the 1960s, 22 of the 54 African countries have witnessed civil wars that resulted in mass violence, displacement and refugee crises, economic and infrastructural destruction, and political and regional instability. Caused by complex historical drivers and experiences rooted in the colonial legacy of fragile constitutional and institutional structures, ill-prepared political leadership, sectarianism, ethnonationalism, religious intolerance, poverty and inequality, and stiff competition for scarce resources, among other factors, the wars have had devastating impacts on Africans especially women. African women have been embroiled in armed conflicts as civilians—fleeing the hostilities, searching for refuge, and struggling to protect and feed their families. They have also been active participants in the battlefields as combatants, militia members, companions of male fighters, carriers of food, supplies, weapons and information, medical practitioners attending to the sick and the wounded, and spies undertaking dangerous espionage missions. They have worked as dedicated diplomats educating and currying continental and international support and mobilizing human and material resources for their causes. Civil wars disproportionately affected women in terms of their access to resources, their participation in the decision-making processes of postwar rehabilitation, and the degree of their reintegration in postwar society. The militarization and sexualized violence engendered by the civil wars in Africa have also affected women and their daughters disproportionately. While armed conflicts turned women’s bodies into sites of violence as well as of resistance, they also highlighted women’s resilience and agency in protecting and feeding families, helping communities survive, and exploiting socioeconomic and political opportunities engendered by the hostilities. We invite paper and panel proposals that apply critical interdisciplinary and gendered perspectives to analyze the complex and diverse experiences of African women in prewar, wartime, and postwar societies. Proposals that also explore the complex forms and effects of violence against women and girls in wartimes and immediate postwar zones, and help crack the silence and secrecy that have obscured women’s war experiences are welcome. We also invite those that focus on African women’s agency in terms of their survival strategies and exploitation of the new opportunities—economic, political, educational, creative and artistic expressions—that are engendered by civil wars. This conference also commemorates the 23rd anniversary of the 2000 adoption of United Nations Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, which recognized women’s contributions in peacemaking and peacebuilding. African women have demonstrated their agency in prewar peacemaking, wartime peacekeeping and postwar peacebuilding, engaging in conflict prevention, and in reconciliation, reconstruction and transformation processes. Yet women’s voices and perspectives are often ignored and their contributions undervalued by peacebuilding practitioners and stakeholders. A key question the conference intends to interrogate is: to what extent have African women participated in peace talks and negotiations, and in formulating postwar plans for reconstruction and sustainable peace? The transformative nature of peacebuilding requires the contributions of both men and women, and their full representation in peacemaking and peacebuilding processes. We welcome proposals that apply interdisciplinary gendered perspectives to analyze peacemaking and peacebuilding efforts in different conflict-zones in the continent as well as those that focus on women’s contributions to peacemaking and peacebuilding efforts at different arenas, including local grassroots, national, regional, continental, and global contexts. We invite panel and individual paper proposals on but not limited to the following sub-themes: Theories and methodological frameworks in researching and writing about African women and civil wars Wartime conditions and gendered survival strategies Women and genocides Women, the military, and female combatants Armed conflicts, gender and economic resources Displacement, migration and female refugees Women, wars and religion Gender and humanitarian interventions Wartime sites and forms of violence against women, and by women Women, prewar, wartime and postwar politics and governance Gender and wartime marriages Gendered wartime human rights abuses and violations Women, wars and technology Psychology and trauma of wartime rapes, forced motherhood, and stigmatization Armed conflicts, women’s rights and international legal instruments Artistic, creative, literary, and media representations of women’s war experiences Gender, memory, war memoirs and counter-narratives Women in prewar peacemaking and postwar peacebuilding Other related sub-themes Submission Guidelines Paper and panel proposals should include title, author full name(s), status, institutional affiliation, mailing and email addresses, phone number, and 250-300 words. We also need a bio of up to 200 words. Proposals and bios should be sent in MS Word format to afst-conference@umbc.edu no later than March 31, 2023. We will start informing authors of accepted proposals by late January 2023.    Contact Info:    Gloria Chuku, Ph.D. Professor and Chair Department of Africana Studies University of Maryland, Baltimore County Baltimore, MD 21250 USA l   Contact Email:  chuku@umbc.edu   URL:  https://africanastudies.umbc.edu/conference/may-2023-african-women-civil-wars-and-peacebuilding/ Read more

History of Education Quarterly seeks submissions addressing the 50th anniversary of Congress’s Equal Educational Opportunities Act, signed into law in 1974. In mandating that all schools receiving federal funds accommodate students regardless of English language proficiency, the law established important rights for emerging bilingual students and paved the way for future legislation addressing the needs of linguistically minoritized young people. The HEQ editors invite submissions that explore the history of education for non-native speakers, including but not limited to:   Early policies addressing instruction in languages other than English The intersection of race and language in U.S. schools Activism in defense of the rights of linguistically minoritized students National and international studies of language politics in state-supported schools Contestation over the education of undocumented students Issues of curriculum and instruction as they relate to English language acquisition  To be included in Volume 64 (2024), submissions must be received no later than December 31, 2023. Papers that do not meet the deadline for Volume 64 will still be given careful consideration for future volumes of History of Education Quarterly.   Contact Info:  Kim Tolley Managing Editor, History of Education Quarterly Contact Email:  Kimberley_Tolley@uml.edu   URL:  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-of-education-quarterly Read more

Our 2023 Call for Proposals is open for all submission types!Join the ASA in San Francisco, Nov. 30 – Dec. 2, 2023 for our 66th Annual Meeting. Review our general meeting information and read the full theme statement African Presences: Envisioning Africa in Text and Deed by Claudia Gastrow (University of Johannesburg) and Shobana Shankar (Stony Brook University). Deadline to submit proposals is April 2, 2023 at 11:59 PM Eastern.The submission portal is open to any individual registered for the Annual Meeting. Looking for discounted registration? Renew your annual membership or join the ASA to receive a discount at every tier.    Register and Submit: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/africanstudiesassociation.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=a59a520d2255ab32522a2367d&id=2bc0d75234&e=211d84b5d5__;!!HXCxUKc!1uFGEuZ6-StHNTTlTT0dwtf4MPiBBdI1zixJn-SCXOdJ05AhDCRJMOaZpVOi-Xorp2CjfatvFDv1fFdg8wwtRK7OYTo$  Read more

The deadline to submit articles for this year's Journal of Academic Freedom is just a month away. If you didn't have a chance to read last year's volume, please check out its outstanding selection of articles. Our new call for papers engages with and builds on many of the themes that contributors explored in those articles. Since the volume's publication in November, article web pages have been updated with a new feature that allows for easier online reading, downloading, and printing.   Call for Papers: Landscapes of Power and Academic FreedomThe 2023 issue of the Journal of Academic Freedom seeks original articles that investigate the links between landscapes of social power and the historical development and contemporary status of academic freedom. For over a century, the AAUP has defended the profession against attacks on academic freedom and has faced many powerful adversaries in the process, yet it has also found and cultivated allies. Preserving academic freedom for a free society entails understanding those who would dismantle or undermine it as well as those who will coalesce in its defense. Within the United States and internationally, we have witnessed the deleterious effects that authoritarian governments, unchecked corporate interests, reactionary movements, and partisan politics have on academic freedom. Indeed, we could cite a wide range of impacts, from tenure denial, dismissal, and (self-)censorship to imprisonment, political exile, and “brain drain.” What can we learn about academic freedom and its contemporary precarity by exposing the forces of power that mobilize against it?   We invite consideration of how academic freedom serves as a touchstone for democracy and the ways that the death of academic freedom signals the atrophy of more inclusive and democratized landscapes of power. What is the relationship between democratic societies and the flourishing of academia and academic freedom within them? What kind of society would powerful forces working against academia and academic freedom usher forth if they had their way? History and comparative international studies give us some clues about a range of possible futures we can envision for academic freedom. Potential topics and questions that prospective authors might explore for volume 14 include the following:   The relative autonomy of the knowledge sector within which the academy is situated. How do academic labor movements, professional associations, and wider social movements and coalitions support academic freedom and resist economic, partisan, and state intrusions that limit this autonomy? How can we acknowledge and strengthen landscapes of power—both within the profession and in the wider society—that bolster and protect academic freedom?   Comparative histories and current examples of academic censorship. How do past and present attempts at thought control, political and religious interference in curricula, and other threats to academic freedom erode civil society and its democratic processes?   Liberal arts programs and colleges and the utilitarian ethos. Are the liberal arts and the transformative critical thinking paradigms they promote being targeted by specific political or economic groups? What are the agendas behind such attacks? Is the ongoing transformation of liberal arts colleges and departments across the United States and elsewhere into “career-ready” degrees and institutions the result of market-driven forces or an ideological effort to straitjacket knowledge production? What is the current and potential impact of challenges to the liberal arts on academic freedom and shared governance? And what is the impact on the larger experiment of democracy?   Resisting structures of discipline and coercion in the academic profession. How can educators counteract the routinized behavior imposed by standardized testing in K–12 and higher education and expectations for education as the recitation of established truths? And how can they harness the revolutionary potential of debate and critical thinking and nurture competing narratives, discoveries, or conceptual frameworks to challenge received forms of knowledge?   External agendas or powerful interests in conflict with academic standards. We encourage investigations and analyses that dissect the often-hidden motives and interests of powerful actors. In many instances, these motives may be economic, ideological and partisan, or morally coercive. The attacks on climate scientists, for example, often trace back to powerful economic interests in the fossil-fuel sector but have strong partisan and ideological allies. Contemporary attacks on research and teaching about racism have complex power structures and interests behind them. Are public universities bound by private donor interests and their private corporate or ideological agendas? How does this increasing tendency toward “philanthropy” as a way to support higher education threaten the status of public universities and their foundational mandate to serve democracy and the common good?   Submissions of 2,000–6,000 words (including any notes and references) are due by March 20, 2023. Complete submission guidelines and instructions, our editorial policy, and links to past volumes of the journal are available at https://www.aaup.org/CFP. Read more

The RFP seeks innovative approaches to enhance climate adaptation for agriculture in Africa in ways that link directly with and strengthen the ecosystem of local actors and institutions. Specifically, the objective is: To support innovations that strengthen agriculture-related risk management processes and adaptation prioritization, planning, and investment, through intra-Africa research collaboration on data, data science, and modeling. Due date: January 15, 2023 Grant period: 18-24 months Seed projects: $100,000 US max; Transition to scale projects: $200,000 US max Eligibility: Must be led by a PI based in Africa. Teams comprising multiple African institutions within or across countries will be given preference over applicants from single institutions. Other global partners may be included.  At least 90% of the funding must go to an African institution(s). SAF particularly encourages applications from women-led projects and organization https://scienceforafrica.foundation/funding/african-agriculture-climate-adaptation-research-system-request-for-proposals Read more

To celebrate the impact of U.S. program alumni as we celebrate 60 years of the U.S.-Uganda relationship, the U.S. Mission will acknowledge the outstanding work of Ugandan alumni through the Alumni Impact Awards. The Embassy will solicit nominations for 13 Award Categories (see below for list) from alumni and Embassy staff via an online platform.  The nominations will be considered by a committee consisting of both Alumni and Embassy staff, with nominations of five finalists in the categories submitted to the Ambassador for approval.   The YALI-RLC Alumni Chapter of Uganda will provide administrative support for the award process and award ceremony, tentatively scheduled for January 21, 2023.   Link: https://ug.usembassy.gov/alumni-impact-awards-nominations/     Read more

To celebrate the impact of U.S. program alumni as we celebrate 60 years of the U.S.-Uganda relationship, the U.S. Mission will acknowledge the outstanding work of Ugandan alumni through the Alumni Impact Awards. The Embassy will solicit nominations for 13 Award Categories (see below for list) from alumni and Embassy staff via an online platform.  The nominations will be considered by a committee consisting of both Alumni and Embassy staff, with nominations of five finalists in the categories submitted to the Ambassador for approval.   The YALI-RLC Alumni Chapter of Uganda will provide administrative support for the award process and award ceremony, tentatively scheduled for January 21, 2023. Read more

Indiana University is accepting applications for fellowships and scholarships to support study in its intensive online program in Swahili in the summer of 2023. The program provides 20 online classroom hours a week and regular co-curricular activities. For details visit http://languageworkshop.iu.edu/swahili. All participants pay in-state tuition and earn 6-8 credits. Scholarship and fellowship programs are available. Visit http://languageworkshop.indiana.edu/swahili for details and application forms. Application deadline: February 3, 2023.   Questions? Write to us at languageworkshop@indiana.edu or visit Virtual Office Hours Tuesdays and Fridays from 1-2 pm eastern at: http://iu.zoom.us/my/languageworkshop. Read more

Violent Turns Sources, Interpretations, Responses    The American University of Paris    June 21-23, 2023    The aim of this international conference is to provide researchers with an interdisciplinary platform to investigate and debate the question of contemporary irruptions of political violence and to inquire into the different responses intended to counteract violence. When and why do individuals, groups, and societies come to believe that peaceful means and legal avenues of redress, including non-violent civil disobedience, are insufficient or improper to achieve a social or political goal and to view violent action as morally legitimate and necessary for change? Can one identify trends shaping recourse to violence by parts of the populace? What role does state violence play in the dialectic? When, if ever, is political violence legitimate? How can violence be averted?    These are not new questions in political theory or the social sciences. State and non-state political violence being a regular occurrence in the historical trajectory of all societies, including modern democracies. But they have taken on new salience through the rise of far-right extremist movements and irruptions of individual and group violence of various ideological and social origins. The simultaneity of these phenomena across different countries, and the manifest potential for new violent turns, raises essential theoretical and policy questions, requiring renewed critical investigation.    The George and Irina Schaeffer Center for the Study of Genocide, Human Rights, and Conflict Prevention and the Center for Critical Democracy at The American University of Paris welcome papers that analyze the origins of violence in new innovative directions and studies of state responses to violence and of the strengths and limits of strategies based on education, dialogue, truth and reconciliation, deradicalization and so forth. We are also interested in historical-comparative work situating current political violence across space and time, critical political philosophical investigations of state legitimacy, as well as rightful and unrightful resistance. We welcome contributions in all fields, including psychology, political science, anthropology, sociology, history, law, criminology, literature, and communications as well as approaches promoting creative responses to the theme of the conference.    Suggested Topics  Sources of violence   • Determinants (personal, community, structural) in the violent turn of individuals, groups, and institutions    • Differentiating drivers of violent turns: political, socio-economic, religious, or psychological • Are these factors and drivers really discernable and can they be disentangled?    • Identity, othering and violence    Spectrum of socio-political violence    • Symbolic and material violence    • Gendered and racialized violence    • Violence against things, violence against people    • State and non-state violence    • Colonial and anti-colonial violence    • Individual and mass violence    Institutions and violence    • Effects of violence on the rule of law, democratic stability, and human rights    • The role of the law and government institutions in reducing, maintaining, or fueling political violence    • States of exception and state violence    • Prevention, reeducation   Philosophical Investigations    • State legitimacy and legitimacy of non-state violence    • Pacifism, civil disobedience and violent direct action    • Political obedience, systemic injustices, and the right to resist    The conference languages are English and French. Proposals in English or French must include an abstract of no more than 400 words and a short narrative cv of no more than 250 words. Please send all materials to violentturnsconference@aup.edu by December 15th, 2022. We will evaluate the submissions and notify those we have selected by January 31, 2023.    Limited funds for travel and accommodation are available for presenters in need. If you wish to apply for a grant, please include a one paragraph statement requesting financial support.    Organizing and scientific committee:   Philip Golub (AUP), Constance Pâris de Bollardière (AUP), Stephen Sawyer (AUP), Brian Schiff (AUP), Sharon Weill (AUP), Roman Zinigrad (AUP)  Read more

The 47th annual meeting of the French Colonial Historical Society (FCHS) will take place at the Université des Antilles in Martinique, May 4-6, 2023. We welcome panels and papers related to this year's theme, "The Color of Slavery: Construction and Deconstruction of a Colonial System." This includes contributions on the racial legacies of slavery in French colonial and post-colonial societies in the Caribbean, the Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean. We also solicit proposals that address any aspect of French colonial history.   Individual or panel propsals will be accepted between September 30 and November 15, 2022. Please send proposals to frenchcolonial2023@gmail.com.   Please see the FCHS English CFP for more details related to the conference, submissions, and grant opportunities. ------------------------------------------------------------------- Le 47e congrès annuel de la Société d'Histoire Coloniale Française (SHCF) se tiendra du 4 au 6 mai 2023 à l'Université des Antilles, pôle Martinique. Sous le titre « La couleur de l'esclavage : construction et déconstruction d'un système colonial », le congrès 2023 envisagera les espaces concernés par le commerce négrier, d'une Caraïbe étendue de la Louisiane aux Guyanes à un océan Indien étiré de Madagascar aux comptoirs des Indes orientales. Le thème de cette année permettra de considérer des sujets associés à l'esclavage, à ses héritages et à la colonisation des mondes atlantiques et indiens. Cependant, comme tous les ans, les propositions de communiation sur d'autres aspects de l'histoire coloniale française pourront également être pris en considération.  Les propositions pour des ateliers complets ou des communications individuelles seront acceptées entre le 30 septembre et le 15 novembre 2022. Veuillez envoyer votre proposition de communication ou d'atelier au comité scientifique par courriel à l'adresse suivante: frenchcolonial2023@gmail.com Veuillez consulter Appel SHCF français pour plus de détails sur le congrès, le processus de soumission, et des opportunités de candidater pour nos bourses.  Read more

Using ICTs to Preserve African Indigenous Knowledge Management SystemsGuest edited by Dr. Simon-Peter Kafui Aheto Over the years, Africa has evolved in its preservation of indigenous knowledge management systems through oral history, semiotics, traditional codes and arguably, less to do with modern digital technologies. The risk of progressive loss or extinction of some sustainable practices, courtesy our indigenous knowledge management that hitherto supported sectors on education, agriculture, vocation, commerce, governance, environment, security, climate, economy, food security, health and public order is clear. It is obvious that an open discourse and action on the preservation of Africa indigenous knowledge management systems cannot wait further. Africa has expressed its preservation through myths, storytelling, adinkra symbols, use of amulets, concoction use, rules on natural resources such as gold and diamond. Indigenous technologies were used to manage forests, water bodies and food security in Africa better than today. One may argue that current depletion of resources may be due to population explosion, economic situations and sophistication in technology. However, the question still remains that how did Africa manage its governance, security and health systems without the sophistication of technology at the time? It is obvious that some lessons could be learnt. How has Africa developed and preserved its numerous languages over thousands of years without digitization? Through modernization, patents have been taken for granted for indigenous cultural practices in agriculture and the use of symbols such as the adinkra, beads and craft works.   Countries are beginning to preserve their indigenous knowledge. One such example is South Africa. Since 2006, the country adopted a policy framework on the promotion and protection of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in South Africa. Through the Ulwazi Programme, several documentations on South African indigenous culture, local history like celebration of the rite of passage specific to Durban is being preserved via online media. The preservation of African indigenous knowledge management systems can be achieved through consciousness and proactiveness via dynamic legal frameworks and policy formulation with regard to data protection and research. There is no doubt that ICTs could be used to achieve the preservation of African indigenous knowledge management systems. This call therefore invites concepts and original research works on the preservation of African indigenous knowledge management systems using ICTs. Submissions may cover the following areas: The concept of African indigenous knowledge management systems How African indigenous knowledge management systems can be promoted via ICTs Case studies on African indigenous knowledge management systems via ICTs Software applications that can support on African indigenous knowledge in archiving Deadline for Abstract Submission: December 15, 2022Full paper is due by March 31, 2023 Direct all inquiries and submit abstracts and full papers to Dr. Simon-Peter Kafui Aheto at saheto@ug.edu.gh More about Using ICTs to Preserve African Indigenous Knowledge issue   Read more

CFP: Nokoko special issue African Futures: Ambiguities, contentions, and connections in African speculative fiction and beyond The terms used to describe uniquely African or diasporic literatures of the future are contested. In her article, The Speculative Turn in African Literature (2019), Michelle Louise Clark considers science fiction to have poorly served those who have felt excluded from the genre, yet terms likeAfrofuturism are hardly universally applicable either. New categories to describe African diaspora literature have been created, rejected, taken up or defended in both academic and more open literary spaces: In her 2019 essays titled “Africanfuturism defined”, Nnedi Okorafor’s creation ofthe term Africanfuturism makes a clear distinction between sci-fi and speculative fiction written from a continental vs. diasporic point of view. Yet Sean Guynes (2021) points out that Afrofuturism does not necessarily hold water for Caribbean and South America writers, or for Africans in the European diaspora. Clark (2019) identifies still other, more contextually-anchored categories including Black Speculative Arts Movement, Black Quantum Futurism, Afrofuturismo, Afrofuturista, Astro-Blackness, and Afro-Surrealism, to name but a few. Clark (2019) further notes that science fiction and speculative writing are longstanding features of African writing and cultural production. However, as Guynes (2021) points out, recent discussions around categorization, genre and labels have produced a wealth of new approaches, theories, andexplorations into African futurity in literature. Futurity itself remains up for debate. Scholars like Amir Eshel, author of Futurity: Contemporary Literature and the Quest for the Past (2013) have used the term to describe a general literary turn towards imagined futures and to describe “the potential of literature to widen the language and to expand the pool of idioms we employ in making sense of what has occurred while imagining whom we may become.” Likewise, Guynes (2021) identifies futurity as engaging with a text or practice that draws upon the present to explore the possible nature of one’s subjectivity in the future. Though definitions differ, debates over the concept share a belief that in the here and now, futurity offers imaginative space towards new tomorrows. The vast array of possibilities and discussions bring to mind an island emerging from the ocean, with a yet unknown geography encircled by bubbling and raucous waters. We are at a unique moment in the history of African science and speculative fiction, one that defies narrow canonization, embraces the ambiguities of the moment and acknowledges difference as a concept worthy of exploration. What is clear, is that these emerging genres do not pretend to weave new realities without context, history or cultural politics. Nnedi Okorafor (2019), makes this clear in her definition of Africanfuturism, a point of view that “will tend to naturally have mystical elements (drawn or grown from actual African cultural beliefs/world views, not something merely made up).” As Nwankwo and Egbunike write in their introduction to ALT 39’s issue on Speculativeand Science Fiction, works by authors who are less-well known internationally, and written in African languages, are being recognized as inspiration for contextual, grounded and nevertheless speculative works by their contemporaries and their literary successors. Lastly, the possibilities of African science and speculative fiction extend beyond literature. Music, photography, film, dance, and the fine arts have all been influenced by the debates around afro/africanfuturism and no doubt are fomenting their own terms and philosophies to best articulate their visions. The goal of this special issue of Nokoko is to explore the still unfolding discussions around African science and speculative writing and fantasy. The special issue also seeks to examine where futurism rears its head in disciplines beyond Literature. We welcome:• articles that examine contemporary works of science and speculative fiction• articles that examine diasporic debates around science and speculative fiction• articles that trace the history of futurity or future thinking in an artistic practice or artist’s trajectory on the continent or in the diaspora• articles that explore the relationship between African spirituality and science and speculative fiction or arts creation• articles that explore language debates and the speculative turn• articles that examine non-literary yet cultural phenomena that are impacted by or are impacting concepts of futurity• articles that examine the role of technology, information networks and bio-tech in African science and speculative fiction• articles that explore taxonomical debates in African science and speculative fiction• articles that explore the connections between contemporary science and speculative fiction and Africa’s rich oral narrative heritage and its association with myth and fantasy.   Abstracts of 300 words due by November 21, 2022. Scholars whose abstracts are approved by the editors will be required to submit papers that critically engage with any number of these issues. Submissions should be no longer than 8,000 words. We also welcome shorter contributions, such as poetry, art, short fiction and creative nonfiction, as well as photo essays. Articles should follow Nokoko’s https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/nokoko/information/authors We encourage potential authors to discuss articles in progress if they seek advice on preparing a successful submission. Please contact us if you wish to propose a particular book for review(s) and we will assist in finding a review copy. Book reviews have a 1,000-word limit, although extended book reviews of two or more books may be longer (see, for example, the extended review by Heffernan in Issue 7). We also continue to accept articles outside this theme-specific area. Submission Deadlines: Draft paper due by April 1, 2023, to be submitted through Nokoko portal at https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/nokoko/about/submissions or by email to: nokoko@cunet.carleton.ca For clarification on any part of this CFP please contact the Issue editors:Chichi Ayalogu: ChiChiAyalogu@cmail.carleton.caEmma Bider: emmabider@cunet.carleton.ca Read more